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OPTICAL |
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| Course Name: |
Synchronization Fundamentals Training |
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| Deployment Options: |
Onsite - Instructor-Led Training |
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| Course Duration: |
2-3 days depending on audience background and options |
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| Who Should Attend: |
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| Anyone who is interested in understanding synchronization and timing in telecom network, including technicians, engineers, operators, and sync managers. |
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| Prerequisites: |
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| Basic principles of SONET/SDH/ATM transmission systems. |
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| Course Description: |
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Timing and synchronization are critical in converging IP and legacy SONET/SDH/ATM/TDM networks. This course provides a technical overview of the synchronization and introduces several key concepts in network synchronization.
In the Synchronization Fundamentals course, the underlying principles are reviewed along with common solutions and best practices. Our newly upgraded synchronization series includes examples, implementation and tradeoffs. Hours of real-life case studies are used to demonstrate key concepts. This course provides the rock-solid foundation of synchronization.
The course addresses the essential drivers of a synchronous network and the fundamental mechanisms and techniques that are invoked to understand, design, and operate a synchronous network. The "building blocks" of principles and best practices of synchronization in the telecom network are discussed in details. |
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| Course Objectives: |
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This course provides you with a comprehensive foundation in synchronization. After completing this course, students will be able to:
- Understand Synchronous Networks
- Review Fundamentals of Synchronization
- Understand Voice and Data Synchronization Needs
- Explore Synchronization Needs in Wireline and Wireless Networks
- Explore Convergence of Data and Voice Networks
- Describe Buffers, Slips, and Pointers
- Review Synchronous Aspects of SONET/SDH
- Review Synchronous Aspects of Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) and VoIP
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| Course Outline: |
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Executive Overview
- Overview of asynchronous and synchronous networks
- Introduction to timing and synchronization in telecom
The need for synchronization
- Stratum levels defined
- The stratum hierarchy
- GPS timing
- Universal Coordinated Time (UTC)
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- Example of telecom network architectures and synchronization
- Example of typical clock systems
- Timing distribution & BITS clock considerations
- Synchronization Timing Systems
- Measuring Slips
Synchronization Quality Metrics and Values
- Principles & metrics of Jitter and Wander
- The short-term and the long-term variations
- UI (Unit Intervals)
- Jitter Measurement
- Wander Measurement (MTIE)
- Jitter Tolerance
- Wander Measurement (TDEV)
- Jitter Transfer
- Wander Tolerance
- Wander Transfer
- TIE-Time Interval Error (wander in ns)
- MTIE- Maximum Time Interval Error (related to Peak-to-Peak wander)
- TDEV- Time Deviation (related to rms wander)
- TIE and sample data
- MTIE and sample data
- TDEV and sample data
- Real application examples
Synchronization building blocks
- "Real-world" synchronization distribution conditions
- PSTN clocking overview
- SONET/SDH and need for synchronization
- SONET/SDH transmission considerations
- SONET/SDH pointers
- Synchronization standards
- Clock specifications
- Functional characteristics
- Monitoring principles and processes
- VoIP transmission considerations
- W-CDMA transmission considerations
Network synchronization distribution
- Strategies for sync distribution network design
- Sizing the network
- Number of PRS sites
- Choice of TSG Quality
- Intra-Office Distribution
- Inter-Office Sync Transport
- SONET/SDH rings and Sync distribution
- Decomposing SONET/SDH ring-based networks
- Locating PRS sites
- Choosing TSG/SSU for non-PRS sites
- Payload considerations
Effective Sync Management
- TMN principles
- FCAPS functionality
- Fault and performance management
- Alarms and Status Information and the NMS/OSS
- Sync Information Coordination
- Integration of Sync Distribution Network Design, Operation, and Evolution
- Sync Management Tools
Synchronization Trends
- Directions in network synchronization
- GPS technical details
- Sync Status Messaging (SSM)
- Synchronization in DWDM
- Synchronization in VoIP
- Synchronization in UMTS/UTRAN
- 3GPP specifications
- Synchronization for Improving VoIP Quality
- Synchronization standards
- Products overview
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