Microwave Training:Microwave Training System Overview Onsite

MICROWAVE



Course Name:	Microwave System Overview Training

Deployment Options:	Onsite - Instructor-Led Training

Course Duration:	2-3 days depending on audience background and options

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Introduction:

Microwave links - fixed line-of-sight in particular ? present some unique problems in areas such as propagation and fading characteristics. Mobility not being an issue, the relationship of the wave-length to the lengths of man made or natural obstacles becomes the principal concern in such environments.

This course will help you understand the (often non-intuitive) effects various obstacles in the transmitter-receiver path have on the received signal. You will learn how even those structures that are not in the direct path but merely close to it can have nontrivial effect on the signal. Upon completion of this course, you will be able to evaluate fixed links, determine the correct positions for the transmitting and receiving antennas, and identify the mitigating mechanisms for those occasions when the antennas cannot be optimally located

Audience:

The standard presentation of this course assumes a bachelor of science in Electrical Engineering, Mathematics, Physics, or a related subject along with some background in communications engineering.

Prerequisites:

At least one year experience in the field of communication engineering, fixed or wireless telephony, or related fields.

Customize it:

This 2-3-day Microwave course will be customized to your needs and specifications. Eno.com will assist you in identifying those needs and specifications. A word to the wise, there are many vendors of wireless training. They will typically have a broad and general course, one size fits all, already developed and just put your organization?s name on the title slide. This minimizes their effort and time investment. At Eno.com, every course is made to your exact and exacting specifications. We help you ensure what you are getting is what you really need even if at the beginning you weren?t too sure of what that was. We fit the class to your needs. We never fit you into our ?standard?, one size fits all, class.

Objectives:

Course Outline

Introduction

Microwave versus copper cable, fiber optics, and leased services
Microwave frequency bands and regulations
Channelizing the radio spectrum: Frequency, time, and code division multiple access (FDMA, TDMA, CDMA)
History of analog microwave radio: FDM techniques and hierarchies; L Carrier and ITU frequency plans

Digital Transmission Systems

Sampling theory
Time Division Multiplex (TDM) techniques and hierarchies
North American and ITU digital hierarchies
Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH)
Synchronous networks (SDH/SONET)

Digital Power Spectra and Bandwidths

Bandwidth definitions and requirements
Nyquist and other shaping
Regulatory masks
Baseband data signals
Filtering and rolloff factors

Digital Modulation

Amplitude, frequency, and phase shift keying (ASK, FSK, PSK)
Binary versus M-ary modulation
QPSK, Offset QPSK, and p/4 QPSK
Minimum Shift Keying (MSK)
QAM and Trellis Coded Modulation (TCM)
Orthogonal FDM (OFDM)

Line of Sight Transmission

Free space loss
Effect of terrain
Reflection and diffraction
Fresnel zones and path profiles
Clearance requirements

Effects of Climate

Refraction and variations in radio refractivity (N factor)
Snell?s law and the effective earth radius (K factor)
Rain attenuation; specific rain rate and effective path length; ITU rain attenuation model
Other atmospheric attenuation
Prediction of outage using computer models

Fading

Multipath fading
Reflection and diffraction causes
Rayleigh, Rician, and log-normal statistics of fading
Multipath propagation models; Barnett-Vigants observations; ITU models
Diurnal and seasonal variations

Effect of Fading on Digital Radio

Flat versus frequency selective fading
Minimum versus non-minimum phase fading
M and W curves
Flat, dispersive, and composite fade margins
Calculation of estimated outage using computer models

Equalization

Linear versus non-linear equalization
Transversal filter
Zero-forcing equalization versus minimum mean-square error
Decision feedback equalization and training equalizer

Antennas and Diversity

Antennas types and parameters: Gain, directivity, radiation pattern, polarization, beamwidth
Waveguide types and characteristics: Rectangular, circular
Diversity types: Space, frequency, angle, polarization, hybrid
Diversity combining and improvements over non-diversity systems

Forward Error Correction

Definition of coding types and coding gain
Types of block codes with examples: CRC and Hamming codes
Convolutional coding and Viterbi decoding, with example
Interleaving and turbo codes

Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) Coordination

Interference analysis for co-channel and adjacent-channel
Carrier-to-Interference (C/I) ratio
Threshold-to-interference (T/I) ratio
Manual and computer-aided design for intra- and inter-system interference
Frequency planning
Satellite and other external interference
Detailed analysis of a terrestrial RFI case

Microwave Implementation

Performance objectives
Acceptance testing and performance monitoring
Path engineering

Wrap-up: Course Recap, Q/A, and Evaluations

Please call or e-mail to schedule a no-obligation conference call to help us understand your audience background and training objectives.

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